高考语法重点归纳重点_高考语法最简

1.高考英语语法：省略介词的七种

2.非谓语最简单的都是三大从句简化吗？

3.高考英语语法题目类型和分布重点

4.高考语法复习系列 形容词和副词

5.高考英语语法:高中英语语法-何时使用零冠词？

6.高考独立主格的语法

7.高中英语语法

高考英语语法：英语双重所有格的用法

　1、所谓双重所有格就是指将 -’s 所有格与 of 所有格结合起来一起使用：

a friend of my father’s 我父亲的一位朋友

a photo of Mr Smith’s 史密斯先生的一张照片

2、双重所有格的使用场合：

①当被修饰名词前有指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词或数词等限定词时，一般要用双重所有格：

I don’t like that big nose of David’s. 我不喜欢大卫的那个大鼻子。

Which novel of Dickens’ are you referring to? 你谈的是狄更斯的哪部小说？

Some friends of my brother’s will come. 我兄弟的一些朋友要来。

注被双重所有格修饰名词前有指示代词时，通常带有一定的感情色彩(如赞赏、不满、厌恶等)：

That little daughter of your cousin’s is really a dear. 你表哥的那个小女儿真是逗人爱。(表赞赏)

That daughter of your cousin’s is constantly complaining. 你表哥的那个女儿老是在报怨。(表厌恶)

另外，被双重所有格修饰的名词前可以用不定冠词，但通常不用定冠词：

可以说：a poem of Shelly’s, a novel of Dickens’

不能说：the poem of Shelly’s, the novel of Dickens’

②有时既可用双重所有格也可用 of 所有格，但含义稍有差别。比较：

a photo of Mary’s 玛丽收藏的一张照片

a photo of Mary 玛丽照的一张照片

a criticism of William’s 威廉提出的批评

a criticism of William 对威廉的批评

高考英语语法：省略介词的七种

《高中英语语法-插入语六大用法小结》由英语我整理,更多请访问:。本内容整理时间为05月12日，如有任何问题请联系我们。

插入语六大用法小结

在英语学习中，插入语是一个比较重要的知识点。由于插入语是一种独立成分，通常与句中其他成分没有语法上的关系，许多同学在学习过程中会有一定的困难。其实，插入语大都是对一句话进行附加说明或解释，通常由一个词、一个短语或一个句子构成，常置于句首、句中或句末，一般用逗号或破折号与句子隔开。下面举例归纳插入语的几种用法。

例1 _____the more expensive the camera， the better its quality.

A.General speaking B.Speaking general

C.Generally speaking D.Speaking generally

解析：本题答案为C.generally speaking为分词短语，意思是?一般来说?，在句中用作插入语。

小结：许多分词短语可以用作插入语，这样的分词短语有：strictly speaking（严格地说），generally considering（一般认为）， judging from?（根据?判断）等。

例2 Two middle-aged passengers fell into the sea. ____，neither of them could swim.

A.In fact B.Luckily

C.Unfortunately D.Naturally

解析：本题答案为C.unfortunately为副词，意思是?令人遗憾地，不巧，可惜?，在句中用作插入语。

小结：常用作插入语的副词或副词短语有：indeed（的确），surely（无疑），however（然而），frankly（坦率地说），obviously（显然），naturally（天然地），luckily （happily） for sb.（算某人幸运），fortunately（幸好），strangely（奇怪），briefly（简单地说）等。

例3 Your performance in the driving test didn?t reach the required standard，_____， you failed.

A.in the end B.after all

C.in other words D.at the same time

解析：本题答案为C.in other words为介词短语，意思是?换句话说?，在句中用作插入语。

小结：常用作插入语的介词短语有：in conclusion（总之），in a word（简而言之），in short（简而言之），in general（一般说来），in a sense（在某种意义上），in my view（在我看来），in his opinion（按照他的看法），in fact（事实上），at first（首先）， in addition（此外），of course（当然），to my surprise（使我惊奇的），to her regret（使她遗憾的），for example（例如）等。

例4 It is so nice to hear from her._____，we last met more than thirty years ago.

A.What?s more B.That is to say

C.In other words D.Believe it or not

解析：本题答案为D.believe it or not为一分句，意思是?信不信由你?，在句中作插入语。

小结：用简短的句子结构作插入语，它们常置于句中或句末。这类简短的句子有：I am sure（我可以肯定地说），I believe（我相信），do you know（你知道吗），you see（你明白），I?m afraid（恐怕），it is said（据说），I suppose（我想），what?s more（而且），what?s worse（更糟糕的是），that is（也就是说），what is important（重要的是）等。

例5 _____ with you，I have no money to spare.

A.To be frank B.What?s more

C.In addition D.However

解析：本题答案为A.to be frank为不定式短语，意思是?坦率地说?，在句中用作插入语。

小结：常用作插入语的不定式短语有：to be sure（无疑地），to sum up（概括地说），to tell the truth（老实说）等。

例6 _____， he should have done such a thing.

A.Speaking general B.Strange to say

C.Luckily D.Of course

解析：本题答案为B.strange to say为形容词短语，意思是?说也奇怪?，在句中用作插入语。

小结：常用作插入语的形容词或其短语有：true（真的），funny（真可笑），needless to say（不用说），most important of all（最为重要），worse still（更糟糕的），even better（更好）等。

试题设计

1._____， he often forgot to turn off the lights.

A.Even better B.Strange C.However D.Fortunately

2.Greenland， _____ island in the world，covers over two million square kilometers.

A.it is the largest B.that is the largest

C.is the largest D.the largest

3.An awful accident_____，however，occur the other day.

A.does B.did C.has to D.had to

4.Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise，she ____ something she would regret later.

A.had said B.said C.might say D.might have said

5.Boris has brains. In fact，I doubt whether anyone in the class has ____IQ.

A.a high B.a higher C.the higher D.the highest

6.Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others， _____，of course，made the others envy him.

A.who B.that C.what D.which

7._____ the general state of his health，it may take him a while to recover from the operation.

A.Given B.To give C.Giving D.Having given

8._____，success results from hard work.

A.Worse still B.Sure enough

C.To sum up D.What?s worse

9.As I know，there is _____ car in this neighborhood.

A.no such B.no a C.not such D.no such a

10.He made another wonderful discovery， _____ of great importance to science.

A.which I think is B.which I think it is

C.which I think it D.I think which is

11.One day， _____，Newton saw an apple fall from a tree.

A.to sum up B.what?s more C. it is said D.in addition

参考答案

1～5 BDBDB 6～11 DACAAC 《高中英语语法-插入语六大用法小结》由英语我整理,更多请访问: style="font-size: 18px;font-weight: bold;border-left: 4px solid #a10d00;margin: 10px 0px 15px 0px;padding: 10px 0 10px 20px;background: #f1dada;">非谓语最简单的都是三大从句简化吗？

1. 介词on的省略

表示星期、日期等的时间的介词on有时可省略：

I’ll arrive (on) Friday. 我将星期五到。

See you (on) June 21st. 6月21日见吧。

2. 介词for的省略

(1) 表示一段时间或距离前的介词有时可省略：

I lived there (for) ten years. 我在那儿住了10年。

They walked (for) fifty miles. 他们走了50英里。

但在否定句中或用于句首时，介词for通常不能省略：

For ten years he lived here. 他在这里住过10年。

We have not heard from him for a long time. 我们很久没收到他的来信了。

另外，若所修饰的动词不是在整个时间范围内都自始自终延续，则for也不省略：

I taught her for three years. 我教过她三年。(其中的for不能省略)

(2) 某些结构中表示原因的介词for有时可以省略：

Pardon me (for) interrupting you. 请原谅我打断你的话。

We quite envy you (for) your success. 我们十分羡慕你的成功。

Please forgive me (for) my fault. 请原谅我的过错。

3. 介词at的省略

what time前的介词at通常可以省略：

What time did he leave here? 他是什么时候离开这儿的？

另外，在“about [around]+时间名词”前的介词at也通常省略：

He arrived (at) about ten o’clock. 他大约(在)10点钟到的。

at home 这一短语中的介词at在美国英语中通常省略：

Let’s stay (at) home this evening. 今晚我们就呆在家里吧。

4. 介词of的省略

all of, both of, half of 用于带限定词(如my, the, these等)的名词前时，其中的介词of通常可以省略：

All (of) the students have passed the exam. 所有的学生都考及格了。

Both (of) my parents are interested in history. 我的父母都对历史感兴趣。

Half (of) the milk had been drunk. 有一半牛奶已被喝了。

注若用于人称代词前，则其中的of不可省略：

All (Both, Half) of us wanted to leave. 我们大家(俩，有一半人)都想走。

5. 介词from的省略

在 prevent [stop]…from doing sth(阻止…发生)，save…(from) doing sth(免去…做某事)等结构中的介词from通常可以省略：

The heavy rain prevented him (from) coming. 大雨使他不能来。

If I can stop them (from) going there, I’ll do it. 要是我能够阻止他们去那里，我会这样做的。

If you do it tonight, it will save you (from) having to get up early. 你如果今晚做这事，明天早上你就不必早起了。

注在被动语态中from通常不宜省略。另外，在表示类似含义的prohibit…from doing sth 中的from习惯上不省略，而在与此同义的keep…from doing sth中，from则绝不可省略，否则含义不同：

He kept me from working. 他不让我工作。

He kept me working. 他要我不停地工作。

高考英语语法题目类型和分布重点

非谓语是指不含有谓语动词的动词形式，如动词不定式、动名词和分词。三大从句简化指的是定语从句、状语从句和主语从句的简化形式。虽然非谓语和三大从句简化都是语法方面的知识点，但它们并不完全相同。非谓语在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语等成分，而三大从句简化则是在从句中进行简化。因此，要根据具体语境和语法结构来判断哪种语法形式最简单。希望能够为您解答疑惑。

高考语法复习系列 形容词和副词

虚拟语气

1．虚拟语气的标准句式

2．标准句式与综错句式

3．条件句的省略倒装

4．虚拟语气的含蓄条件句

介词with, without, under, in, but for 等表示含蓄条件；

连词but, or, or else等表示含蓄条件；

副词otherwise, unfortunately等表示转折假设：

5．省略主句的虚拟语气结构if only

6．用于宾语从句的虚拟语气

that宾语从句需用（should）十动词原形表示虚拟的动词：

advise, recommend, propose, suggest, insist, move, urge, command, direct, order, ask, demand, request, require, maintain, prefer, desire, vote that不可以省略；should可以省略：

以上动词的同词根名词在that同位语从句和表语从句的谓语需用（should）十动词原形

如：

insistence, preference, recommendation, suggestion, proposal, motion, desire, requirement, request, order, necessity

以上动词的同词根形容词及分词在that主语从句的谓语需用（should）十动词原形，如：

advisable, desirable, insistent, preferable, urgent; advised, arranged, commanded, demanded desired, ordered, proposed, recommended, requested, required, suggested; essential, important, natural, necessary, possible, proper, strange

7．用于目的状语从句的虚拟语气 in case; in fear that; lest

8．用于方式状语从句的虚拟语气

9．常用的虚拟语气句式

1) it is high time

2) would rather

3)情态动词完成式可以表示责备、推测语气；

倒 装

全部倒装与部分倒装：

1．否定词语置于句首

never, no, neither, hardly, scarcely, little, seldom, rarely, not until, nowhere, at no time, on no account, in no respects, in no sense, in no way, under no circumstances, by no means, no longer, no less, no more, no sooner, in vain

2. only十状语置于句首

only加副词：only then，only once

only加介词短语：only at that time，only in this way，only by doing

only加状语从句：only because, only when

3．not only……but also……置于句首

4．so……that……状语、表语置于句首

5．than引导的比较状语从句（可以）

6．表语＋系动词＋主语

7．存在句

8．as引导的方式状语从句（可以）

主谓一致

常出现在主谓部分倒装结构中；常出现在主语与谓语之间有定语从句或其他修饰结构的句子中；常出现关系代词作主语的定语从句中；

1．以-s结尾的名词的主谓一致

1学科名词2构词单复3专有名词

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高考英语语法:高中英语语法-何时使用零冠词？

?第三章 ?形容词和副词

高考对形容词和副词的考查主要集中在对形容词和副词的辨析上，同时加大对比较级的考查

一、?形容词

1）多个形容词修饰名词的排列顺序

限定词（包括冠词、所有格、人称代词、指示代词、数量词等）+表示观点的词(品质，状态，即表示好坏美丑等的词)+大小或长短+年龄或新旧+形状或样式+颜色+产地或来源+材料或种类+用途+名词

a nice long new black British plastic pen

2）形容词作状语，表伴随或结果

He returned，safe but tired.

3）复合形容词的用法

1)形容词 + 名词 + ed ?kind-hearted好心的，white-haired白发的

2) 形容词 + 形容词 red-hot炽热的，dark-blue深蓝的

3)形容词 + 现在分词 good-looking好看的，easy-going随和的

4)副词 + 现在分词 ?hard-working勤劳的，fast-moving快速转动的

5)副词 + 过去分词 ?hard-won得来不易的，newly-made新建的

6)名词 + 形容词 life-long终生的，world-famous世界闻名的

7)名词 + 现在分词 ?peace-loving爱好和平的，fun-loving爱开玩笑的

8)名词 + 过去分词 ?snow-covered白雪覆盖的，hand-made手工的

9)数词 + 名词 + ed ?four-storeyed 4层楼的，three-legged 3条腿的

10)数词 + 名词(名词用单数) ?ten-year 10年的，two-man两人的

二、?形容词和副词比较级和最高级的用法

一、比较级和最高级的常见结构

1. “the +比较级……, the +比较级“：表示“越……越……”

The sooner you see a doctor, the better it is.你越早看医生越好。

2. the +序数词+最高级+单数可数名词：表示“第几大的”

This is the third most popular song of Michael Jackson。

这是迈克尔·杰克逊第三受欢迎的歌曲。

二、比较级和最高级的修饰语

1.常见的比较级的修饰语有：much, a little, a great deal, far, by far, even, will, still, a bit, a little, rather, any, (far) larger than

This movie is far more interesting than I expected.这部**比我原想的有意思的多。

2. all the +比较级：愈来愈

I worked all the harder.我工作愈来愈努力了。

3.常见的最高级的修饰语有：序数词，by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not quite, not really等

He is almost the best player.他基本上是最好的选手。

4. any修饰比较级只用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句

Can you do any better on this job?你这件事情能不能做得更好些?

三、表达倍数的常用结构

1.数词+times+as+形容词原级+as

This room is twice as big as that one.这房间的面积是那间的两倍。

2.数词+times+形容词比较级+than

This room is twice bigger than that one.这房间的面积是那间的两倍。

3.数词+times+性质名词+of (性质名词主要有：length, size, height, weight, depth等)

This room is twice the size of that one.这房间的面积是那间的两倍。

4. (not)half+as+形容词原级+as

This room is half as big as that one.这房间的面积是那间的一半。

四、比较级与冠词的搭配

1.不含than的比较级前可加不定冠词修饰，构成“ a/an+比较级+单数可数名词”表示“一个更……的人/物”。

Why don’t you use a sharper knife?你为什么不用一把更锋利的刀呢?

2.被比较者被明确特指时，比较级前面应该加定冠词“the”修饰。

Which is the younger one, Lily or Lucy? 哪一个年龄小一些，莉莉还是鲁西?

五、比较级和同级比较

1. as +原级+ as : 和……一样

The room is as big as that one.这间房子和那间一样大。

2. as many/much/far/long as +具体数词：到达某种程度

The number of the students in that school reaches as many as 4,000.那所学校的学生数量多达4ooo人。

3. as… as中间有名词时采用以下格式：

1) as +形容词+ a/an +单数名词+as

He is as kind a person as his father.他和他爸爸一样都是善良的人。

2) as + many/much+不可数名词/可数名词复数+as

I can carry as much paper as you can.你能搬多少纸，我也能。

I have as many books as you do.我的书和你的一样多。

六、关于比较级、最高级的几个高频考点

1. most前若没有the，就没有比较的意思，只是加强语气，有“很，非常”之意。

This is a most interesting story。

2. 比较级+than any other

She is taller than any other girl in her class。

3. …never…+比较级…，not…ever…+比较级…

I have never heard a better voice than yours。

4.nothing/nobody…+比较级+than…

Nothing is more precious than time。没有比时间更珍贵的。

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高考独立主格的语法

《高中英语语法-何时使用零冠词？》由留学liuxue86.com我整理。本内容整理时间为05月12日，如有任何问题请联系我们。

何时使用零冠词？

1. 表示独一无二的职位或头衔的名词在句中用作表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语或同位语时，其前一般不用冠词。如：

He was President of the Republic at that time. 那时，他是共和国的总统。

2. 在介词后表示抽象概念的名词前一般不用冠词。如：in prison坐牢；at school在学校；at sea出海；go to church做礼拜

We had better send him to hospital at once.

我们最好马上把他送进医院。

3. 为人所熟知的事物前一般不用冠词。如：

There?s no place like home. 任何地方都没有家好。

He has gone into town. 他已经进城去了。

4. 单数可数名词转化为物质名词或抽象名词时，其前一般不用冠词。如：

Do you like rabbit？ 你喜欢吃兔肉吗？

She said she cared a lot about face. 她说她很爱面子。

5. 泛指人类或男女时，名词前一般不用冠词。 如：

Man should help and love each other. 人类应该互帮互爱。

Woman has played an important role in modern society.

妇女在现代社会中起着重要的作用。

6. 表示语言或学科名称的名词前一般不用冠词。如：

The girl speaks English fluently.这女孩能讲一口流利的英语。

He is interested in Chemistry. 他对化学感兴趣。

7. 表示季节、月份、日期的名词前一般不用冠词。如：

If winter comes， can spring be far behind？

冬天来了，春天还会远吗？

School begins in September. 九月份开学。

8. 某些并列结构前不用冠词。如：

Husband and wife went to the movies yesterday. 夫妇俩昨天去看**了。

9. 某些固定习语中的名词前不用冠词。如：catch fire着火； lose heart丧失信心； by chance偶然地； in fear惊恐地； catch sight of 看见；make use of利用；等等。 《高中英语语法-何时使用零冠词？》由留学liuxue86.com我整理

高中英语语法

一、什么是独立主格结构

所谓独立主格结构就是一个与句子相对独立的带有逻辑主语的结构。

由于这个逻辑主语与它所支配的行为状态表达的是辅助主要句子的另一层独立的意思，加之要用代词和名词的主格形式（现代英语中名词的主格与宾格是一致的）表示，因此这种逻辑主语就称作独立主格。逻辑主语加上它所支配的行为状态就构成了一种语法结构，这种语法结构称为独立主格结构。如下列例句中的括号部分：

* (Everyone being ready), the teacher began his class. 每个人都准备好后，老师开始上课。

独立主格（即逻辑主语）：Everyone

独立主格的行为状态：being ready

起到的辅助作用：表示 the teacher began his class 发生的时间

* (It being National Day today)，the streets are very crowded. 由于今天是国庆节,街上很拥挤。

独立主格：It

独立主格的行为状态：being National Day today

起到的辅助作用：表示 the streets are very crowded 的原因

The manager looks relaxed, (many things settled). 由于许多事情已经处理好了，经理看上去很轻松。

独立主格：many things

独立主格的行为状态：settled

起到的辅助作用：表示 The manager looks relaxed 的原因

二、独立主格结构的构成

独立主格由两部分组成——

1、逻辑主语（即独立主格）：由代词的主格或名词充当独立主格

2、叙述语：用来陈述逻辑主语的行为状态。

其中叙述语是独立主格的重点。

三、能够构成独立主格结构中叙述语的词语

1、现在分词（-ing 非谓语动词）

——用作时间状语

The chairman began the meeting , everyone being seated. 每个人坐好后，主席开始开会。（相当于一个时间状语从句after everyone was seated）

——用作原因状语

Many eyes watching him, he felt a bit nervous. 许多眼睛看着他，他感到有点儿紧张。（相当于一个原因状语从句As many eyes were watching him）

——用作条件状语

Time permitting, we will have a picnic next week. 时间允许的话，我们下星期将进行一次野炊。（相当于一个条件状语从句If time permits)

My health allowing, I will work far into the night. 我的健康许可的话，我愿工作到深夜。（相当于一个条件状语从句If my health allows）

——用作伴随方式的状语

The boy lay on the grass, his eyes looking at the sky. 男孩躺在草地上，眼睛看着天空。（相当于一个并列分句and his eyes were looking at the sky）

2、过去分词（-ed非谓语动词）

* The book written in simple English, English beginners were able to read it. 该书是用简单英语写的，英语初学者也能看懂（原因状语 ， = As the book was written in simple English，English beginners were able to read i）

* He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard. 他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。（方式状语，= He was listening attentively in class, and his eyes were fixed on the blackboard. ）

* The task completed, he had two months' leave. 任务完成以后，他休了两个月的假（时间状语。=When the task had been completed,he had two months' leave. ）

3、不定式（to do）

* I send you 100 dollars today, the rest to follow in a year. 现寄给你100美元，其余部分将在一年以后再寄。（方式状语，= I send you 100 dollars today, and the rest is to follow in a year.）

* The manager looks worried，many things to be settled. 经理看上去很着急, 有这么多的事情要处理。（原因状语，= The manager looks worried because many things will be settled）

.

4、形容词短语

* He turned to me, his eyes sleepy. 他睡眼惺忪地转向我。（= He turned to me, and his eyes were sleepy.）

* He stood there, his mouth wide open. 他站在那里，嘴张得大大的。（= He stood there, and his mouth was wide open.）

5、小品副词 .

* School over, we all went home. 放学了，我们都回家了。（= School was over, and we all went home.）

* He sat at his desk, his shoes off. 他坐在课桌旁，没穿鞋子。（ = He sat at his desk and his shoes were off.）

6、介词短语

* He is standing in front of the blackboard, his back towards us. 他站在黑板面前，背对着我们。（ = He was standing in front of the blackboard, and his back was towards us.）

* The new teacher came in, a smile on her face. 新老师面带微笑走了进来。（ = The new teacher came in and she had a smile on her face.）

* The teacher came into the classroom，a rule in his hand. 老师走进教室，手里拿着一把直尺。（ = The teacher came in and a ruler was in his hand.）

分词（participle）

现在分词一般式 否定式 完成式 被动式

Doing Not doing Having done Being done

Not having done Having been done

Not being done

现在分词，过去分词

现在分词表示被动，表进行；及物动词的过去分词表被动，完成。

Boiling water 正在沸腾的水 boiled water 已经开过的水

The rising sun 正在升起的太阳 the risen sun 升起了的太阳

A developing country 发展中国家 a developed country 发达国家

*现在分词和过去分词都可以在句中作表语，定语，状语和宾语补足语。

作表语

。现在分词作表语一般表示主语的特征和句中主语是主谓关系，主语一般是物，有时也可以是人。

。过去分词做表语一般表示主语所处的状态和句中主语是逻辑的动宾关系，主语一般是人，也可以是物。

（1） the film is moving we are moved

disappoint /surprise /move /frighten /inspire /interest

The boy is disappointing and his father is disappointed.

He tried be calm, but his voice sounded a bit surprised.

be covered /lined with

The door remained locked They remained listening.

2.做定语：

有些词的过去分词有两种 learned /learned burned /burnt lighted/light

一般规则变化的做定语，不规则变化的不做定语

*单独的一个分词做定语通常放在被修饰词的前边，分词短语做定语放在被修饰词的后边，相当于一个定语从句。

1（ 使动词的用法

*a girl named Mary came to see me .

*a girl calling herself Mary came to see me .

a moved girl = a girl who was moved a moving film =a film which is moving

a surprised look /expression on his face

2) I read the book written (which was written) by lu xun

Tell the children playing the guitar not to make so much noise.

The building being built is our teaching building.

He lives in a room facing the south.

注：有些词只能用定语从句表达而不能用过去分词的形式。

The boy who came to see me is my brother.

There were accidents that always happened.

3) 现在分词短语和过去分词短语都可以做非限制性定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句 . The book, written in 1980, tells of struggle.

2.作状语： 时间状语，原因状语，条件状语，伴随状语。

He went into the lab, following other students.

The teacher went into the lab, followed by a group of students.

Being a young people, he is always ready to help others.= as he is a young people ,…..

Given more time, he would do it even better. =if we were more time ,………..

Being ill, he didn’t go to school. = as he is ill ,he didn’t ……..

Not knowing what to do, went to ask marl.

Not having received her lessons well, she failed in the exam.

Having finished her work, she went home.

Getting up early, you’ll catch the bus. =if you get earlier ,……..

considering 就…而言 考虑到，各方面考虑起来

She seems very bright, considering.

Considering the distance, he arrived quickly.

The hall is still in good condition, considering that it was built almost 1000 years ago.

注：1) Generally speaking, he is a good person.

Judging from his skin, he is an African.

He left home, determined not to set his foot in his home.

但是 to tell the truth ,……. To be honest ………

regarding = about 关于…的问题

He spoke to me regarding his failure .

I must speak to you regarding this matter.

2) 分词做状语，分词的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致。

While visiting a city, a guidebook is very useful.

While reading the letter, tears come to her eyes. (错误)

当分词做状语，分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时， 分词可以在自己的前 面加上自己的逻辑主语，这样后构成的短语叫独立主格结构，一般用逗号与主句分开。

It being Sunday .I don’t have to go to work.

He being a party member, his deeds are expected by all.

Our work having been finished, we went home.

They’re being no buses, we went home.

Weather permitting; we’ll start on Saturday.

Mr. smith is shy and doesn’t speak until spoken to.

4. 做宾语补足语。

see , watch , hear , notice , feel , find , get , have , leave , keep +n./+分词

I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time.

When he woke up , he found himself lying on the ground .

Don’t have the medicine working all the time.

I won’t have you talking to your mother like this .否定表示不允许，不容忍。

* get sb. /sth . doing 使。。重新开始

get the clock going get the car going 跑/ start 启动

It’s not hard to get the children speaking, but it’s hard to stop them.

I often hear the song sung in English.

he spoke loudly in order to make himself heard clearly .

I saw the boy beaten by tom.

The teacher found jack seated / sitting in the room.

The boy was last seen playing in the river.

注： dress ---- be dressed seat ------be seated fix ---one’s eye be fixed on

We found her dressed in red today.

The thief was caught stealing

Dressed in red, she went out.

We found him hidden behind the door.

We sat there silent, her eyes fixed on that army camp.

I didn’t hear a single word in his talk referring to your absence from the meeting.

Do you know the man referred to at the meeting?

He walked along the river, his hands folded across his shoulder.

Feel one’s heart beating fast. /his face exposed.

Compared with tom, he is an honest man.

Comparing what he had with tom, he is satisfied.

The Gerund 动名词

—。 构成。

语态/形式 一般式 完成式 复合结构

主动 Doing Having done One’s doing

被动 Being done Having been done

否定形式一律在其前加not

II .用途： 定语，宾语，主语，表语

做主语：动名词做主语，谓语动词用单数。

Smoking does harm to your health.

Tom’s coming made us happy.

Her not coming back made her father angry.

His being punished by the teacher is known to us.

Looking after children is her job.

Seeing is believing （前后对应）眼见为实。

Teaching is learning 教学相长。

My falling ill worried him greatly.

注意下列结构: It is no use / good / useful doing

It is no good quarrelling with them.

It is no use regretting what you have done.

2. 定语

动名词做定语表示用途。（即 ving 做定语有两个意思 1）表动作在进行 2）表用途）

a walking stick / a changing room 更衣室／ a hiding place / an operating table

a collecting tin / a weight machine / building material / drinking water / swimming pool

a washing machine / a sleeping car / a smoking room / sowing machine 播种机

booking office 售票处 ／ training class 训练班 ／translating machine 翻译机

3．作表语，可以与主语互相转换。

His worst habit is eating too fast.

Our job is playing all kinds of instruments.

Their job is making model planes.

The real problem is getting all the materials ready before the end of the month.

The problem is his son’s having taken the other’s money.

4. 做宾语。

动名词既可以做动词宾语，也可以作介词宾语。

He has finished reading the book.

We could hear the noise of the desk’s being opened. and closed.

He came to attend the concert without being invited.

He suggested the text’s being translated into Chinese.

You should practise listening to English.

She looked forward to receiving her mother’s letter.

注意：1)有些动词或动词短语后面， 必须用动名词做宾语，而不用不定式。

enjoy , finish , mind , risk , avoid , forbid , excuse , practise , imagine , suggest , delay , miss , escape , can’t help , consider ,

be worth doing / be busy doing / give up doing / put off doing / insist on doing

keep / prevent /stop from doing feel like doing / prefer doing to doing

be afraid of / be tired of / be fond of / be proud of /succeed in

. the wounded solider escaped being killed in the fighting .

do you mind my smoking here ?

Don’t be afraid of asking for help.

The boy insisted on being severed with cake.

2)要特别注意以下几个词组

pay attention to / look forward to / devote oneself to / make contribution to

stick to / be /get used to / object to / refer to / get down to / see to （ 处理）

He objected to being treated as a child.

The scientist devoted himself to inventing this new machine.

有些动词跟to do 和doing 均可，但意思不同。

forget to do 忘记做/去做一件事 （没有做）

forget doing 忘记过去做过某事 。

I forget to close the window when I left my office.

Don’t forget to post the letter for me.

I forget meeting you in the street the other day.

remember to do 记住去做某事

remember doing 记得做过某事

please remember to close the window when you leave .

I remember having given the book to you.

regret to do 对现在要发生的事情表示遗憾，抱歉。

Regret doing 对已经发生的事情表示后悔。

I regret to say / to tell you that I can’t go with you.

He regretted having told you about it.

mean to do 打算，想要做，有做某事的意图。

Mean doing 意味着

I mean to go with you.

He didn’t mean to hurt you.

It means finishing in time.

Giving him such books to read means waste his time .

e. try to do 试图于，设法干，尽力于

try doing 试着干

The boy tried to open the door.

He tried driving a bus.

stop to do /doing

go on to do / doing

be sure to do 肯定会 ，讲会者肯定

be sure of doing 主语自己会

He is sure to come

I am sure of his coming.

H. like /hate to do

Like hate doing

Nobody likes being laughed at.

4. 注意： need, want require +doing = need, want, require to be done

The room wants cleaning / to be cleaned

The child needs looking after / to be looked after

5. 有些 介词加doing 表示时间

on /upon doing = as soon as

in doing = when /while

On hearing the news, he jumped with joy.

In working in shanghai, he made a lot of friends.

=While working in shanghai, he made a lot of friends.