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高考非谓语动词专练,高考之非谓语动词

tamoadmin 2024-06-13 人已围观

简介1.高考英语语法有哪些2.非谓语动词3.英语 非谓语动词4.公共英语考试语法考点精讲:非谓语动词的时态和语态5.求助高三英语谓语非谓语区别和用法尽量具体 我高三了本文将告诉大家非谓语动词常见的”三态“起源——动词不定态(to+V)、动词进行态(V+ing)、动词完成态(V+ed形式)是怎么来的。我们知道世界上一切事物都是有生有灭,从酝酿出生、到出生存续、到死亡消逝,一切事物都遵守着这样的自然法则,

1.高考英语语法有哪些

2.非谓语动词

3.英语 非谓语动词

4.公共英语考试语法考点精讲:非谓语动词的时态和语态

5.求助高三英语谓语非谓语区别和用法尽量具体 我高三了

高考非谓语动词专练,高考之非谓语动词

本文将告诉大家非谓语动词常见的”三态“起源——动词不定态(to+V)、动词进行态(V+ing)、动词完成态(V+ed形式)是怎么来的。

我们知道世界上一切事物都是有生有灭,从酝酿出生、到出生存续、到死亡消逝,一切事物都遵守着这样的自然法则,甚至连语言中的”动词“也不能例外。动词是动作的代称,无论这个动作是可以真实感知的肢体动作,还是不可感知的思维动作,也无论这个动作存续多么短暂或者持续多么长久,其都遵循着出生、存续、死亡这样的过程。如下图所示:

上图从左到右依次为:

1.不定态(todo)表达了动作即将发生的状态;

2.进行态(doing)表达了动作的发生且可感知的延续;

3.完成态(done)表达了动作的结束。

从这里可以看出三大非谓语动词其实就是动作的三个阶段——出生、存续、结束,这就是非谓语动词的起源。

上图自上而下依次为:

1.瞬态隶属于一般态,表达动作的存续转瞬即逝,感觉不到动作的延续;

2.进行态相对于常态又称为非常态,表达动作存续介于瞬态和常态之间,可以感觉到动作的延续;

3.常态相对于进行态/非常态而言,动作呈现了一种常态特性,即长期不变的动作状态或者事实。

这里我们也可以看出动词和时间的关系,上图完整地给出了英语动词的长度体系——从无穷小过度到无穷大,时间的长短决定了动词的状态,也就决定了动词的时态。

上图中的梯形所提到的“不定态、进行态、完成态、一般态”是不含时间内涵的,把这4态分别结合4时、过去时间、现在时间、将来时间、过去将来时间,就得到了英语的16个基本时态,如下图所示:

转换为时态表格如下:

在上图的基础上把“进行态”和“完成态叠加”,又增加了另外的4个完成进行时态,如下图下表所示:

上表转换为下表:

这就是英语非谓语动词到英语谓语动词的进化过程。

有些同学可能会奇怪,“怎么会有不定时态?”

传统的语法是把“不定时态”归属于了“一般时态”,但是本质上这是完全不同的两个时态。

下面用几个公式来表达非谓语动词和谓语动词的关系:

1. 动词原形 + 状态 =非谓语动词

2. 非谓语动词 + 时间 =谓语动词

3. 谓语动词 = 时间助动词 + 状态主动词

4. 状态主动词 = 非谓语动词

以上讲解了非谓语动词的起源,以及非谓语动词到谓语动词的进化过程。

但是非谓语动除了可以做谓语动词的主动词外,非谓语动词还可以做除了谓语动词之外的其它成分,如“主语、宾语、定语、表语、补语、状语”等,在此不在详述。

以上图文表格整理自《英语思维:解密英语语法的原理》图书及视频。

高考英语语法有哪些

非谓语动词,又叫非限定动词,非 谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要包括 不定式、 动名词和分词( 现在分词和过去分词),即 动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的其他成分。

 定义:在句子中充当除谓语以外的各种句子成分的动词形式,叫做非谓语动词(the Non-Finite Verbs)。非谓语动词也是动词的一种,他们有着动词的其他特点,可以充当主语、宾语、 状语等。非谓语动词与谓语动词是相对的概念。

非谓语动词

一.非谓语动词

一.不定式:

一)不定式的常考形式:

1) 一般形式:He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.

被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.

语法功能: 表示与谓语动词同步发生

2) 完成形式:He pretended not to have seen me.

被动形式:The book is said to have been translated into many languages.

语法功能:表示发生在谓语动词之前

二)不定式常考的考点:

1)不定式做定语----将要发生

2)不定式做状语----目的

3)不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe.

三)不定式的省略

1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel

+ do 表示动作的完整性,真实性;

+ doing 表示动作的连续性,进行性

I saw him work in the garden yesterday.

昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实)

I saw him working in the garden yesterday.

昨天我见他正在花园里干活。(强调"我见他正干活"这个动作)

" 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词:The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable.

2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to

I 'd like to have John do it.

I have my package weighed.

Paul doesn't have to be made to learn.

3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do

四)有些动词后只跟不定式如:

want,wish,hope,manage,promise,refuse,pretend,plan, offer,decide,agree,expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do

force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do

be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do

We agreed _______ here,but so far she hasn't turned up yet.(NMET

1995)

A.having met B.meeting C.to meet D.to have met (Key:C)

五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式

accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to.

三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中,want不太常用。

He needs (a lot of) encouraging.

二. 动名词: 具有动作性特征的名词

1)是名词 seeing is believing

2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary.

一)动名词的形式:

一般形式:I don't like you smoking.

完成形式:I regret not having taken your advice.

被动形式:This question is far from being settled.

二) 动名词常考的点

1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数

2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词

3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语.

I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon.(MET 1992)

A.you to call B.you call C.you calling D.you're calling(Key:C your calling 也对)

I regret not having taken your advice.

4)有些词后只能接动名词

admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand...

另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法:

it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point...

5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可

remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式,意义截然不容。

I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作)

I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作)

forgot remember的用法类似。

I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你…

I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。

try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness.

try -ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day.

I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去,但我父亲不让我去。

To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。

prefer的用法:

我宁愿在这里等。

3 分词:

现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态

现在分词的形式:

1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean(主任)? (与谓语动词同步发生)

2)完成形式:Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前)

3)完成被动形式:Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动)

过去分词

1) 过去分词表示被动:Fight no battle unprepared.

2)过去分词的进行形式:You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做)

这三种非谓语动词,都可以构成复合结构,非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系--主动还是被动,往往就是考点。独立主格结构中,要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。

二:虚拟语气和情态动词

情态动词的基本用法及其区别

最近几年高考试题中常常借助语境来考查情态动词的基本用法及其区别,因此在平时学习时准确理解和掌握情态动词的基本用法十分重要。情态动词的用法复杂多变,在高考试题中,命题者常常利用语境和句子之间意义上的细微差别来考查学生对情态动词的理解和掌握。对于情态动词,除了要求考生能够准确掌握它们的基本用法外,还要充分利用高考试题所设置的语境来分析句子之间所体现的特殊关系。下面就近几年来高考试题中出现的情态动词的考点进行归纳分析,以便同学们复习掌握。

一、用"情态动词+have +done"结构表示对过去动作的推测,高考试题中常用过去时态或过去的时间状语给以暗示。情态动词的这一用法可以用 "对立统一"来概括。

1.当试题的前句和后句在动作和意义上相互补充说明,且整个句意在动作和时间上是一个整体时,我们可用"统一"关系来解决这样的试题。常见的结构有:

must have done:

表示对过去动作的肯定推测,常译作"一定做了……",只能用于肯定句中。其否定形式为can't/couldn't have done?

疑问式为Can/Could...have done?。

could /might have done:表示对过去发生的动作的可能性推测,常译作"可能做了……"。如:

1) My sister met him at the Grand Theater yesterday afternoon, so he

_____ your lecture. ?(上海 2000)

A. couldn't have attended

B. needn't have attended

C. mustn't have attended

D. shouldn't have attended

本题选A。

2) Jack ____ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me. (上海'97

A. mustn't have arrived

B. shouldn't have arrived

C. can't have arrived

D. need not have arrived (C)

2.当试题的前后句在动作和意义上构成转折关系时,常借助"but, however, instead"等词来表示过去的动作与客观事实不符,这时我们就可以用"对立"关系来解决这样的试题。这种结构常见的有:

should have done / ought to have done:表示过去本应该做某事而实际上没有做。

should not have done / ought not to have done:表示过去本不应该做某事但事实上却做了。

由句中的连词but可知前后句之间是对立关系,分析题意可知本题应选C。

二、考查情态动词基本用法之间的比较和辨析。最近几年高考试题中常借助具体的语境来考查考生对那些最常见的情态动词的基本用法的理解和掌握,因此在做这样的试题时应认真分析语境中所含的实际意义,并结合情态动词的基本含义和用法做出正确的选择。

虚拟语气

" 最自然的虚拟状态:由should/would+原型时态(不含时间只含状态)

本质上是过去将来时:即,时间固定在过去将来,状态不同:一般、进行、完成、完成进行。

这时"虚拟语气"的产生往往是因为我们要表达"本来应该……"(而现在却还没有……)

(本来可以……,本来能……)

一些常见的句型中,就会出现这种虚拟语气,而处于从句之中,should 常常被省略掉

o suggest, advise, propose, recommend, plan;

o demand, order, direct, arrange, command, decide;

o require, request;

o think, expect, believe, insist, suspect.

由于他们的含义中包含"建议,假设,应该"这类的含义,所以,由他们引起的从句中,就会包含有should+原型时态构成的虚拟语气。

这些动词(以及他们的名次形式,分词形式)引起的从句还有其他的变形

主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句

It's suggested that…

My suggestion is that…

The only suggestion that...

The only suggestion I can give you now is that…

一些形容词引起的表语从句中,也会有同样的情况

important; necessary; essential

It's natural ; strange; incredible that

a pity; a shame; no wonder

? 由lest, for fear that, in case 引起的从句中多使用should

" 表达与事实相反

1. 与现在相反:使用[过去时]:

I wish I were not here! (一般现在'一般过去)

Suppose we were not here.

He loved me as if I were his own son. (一般现在'一般过去)

Hope I weren't always losing things! (现在进行'过去进行)

If only/If I hadn't been there! (现在完成'过去完成)

What if I hadn't been waiting right here! (现在完成进行'过去完成进行)

常考句型:It's (high) time (that)…; would rather (that)…

这两个从句,只能表达对现在的看法,所以,从句中只有一般过去时。

2. 与过去相反:过去完成时;

3. 与将来相反?将来的事情没有发生,所以只能推测且实现可能很小

I wish he could not smoke any more.

不过,由于可以用be to表示将来;所以,虚拟语气中经常出现were to;也是CET-4的常考语法点。

" 虚拟条件句

o if 部分,做一个与事实相反的假设(所以只有一般过去和过去完成)

o 主句部分,这是表示基于这个假设的推测,一般使用情态动词would,少数情况下使用could/might/should。

o 注意:两个部分之间,是有逻辑关系,而在两部分的谓语动词时态上,没有必然的联系。

" 注意,虚拟条件句中的if可以省略,造成were/had提前,产生倒装。

" 隐含的非真实条件 :由特殊的词给出条件: with, without, in , but for, otherwise, or

How could I be happy without you? In his shoes, I would kill myself.

But for the storm, we would have arrived.

三、一致关系

一)主谓一致

1. 主谓一致(与插入语无关)

1主谓的分隔原则:主谓之间可以用定语从句或者省略的定语从句分隔。

2定语从句中的主谓一致:

3随前一致:

n. + together with n2

as well as

including

along with

with / of

accompanied with / by

4就近原则:n1 or n2 +v(就近原则)

either n1 or n2

5可数n1 and 可数n2+v(pl)

不可数n1 and 不可数n2+v(pl)

例外:war and peace is… war and peace是一个整体

但是如果主语表示的是同一个概念,同一人,同一事的时候,谓语动词用单数,这种结构的特征是and连接的两个词只有一个冠词。

The iron and steel industry is very important to our country.

The head master and mathematical teacher is coming.

The head master and the mathematical teacher are coming.

类似的还有:law and order bread and

butter black and white

To love and to be loved is …

A lawyer and a teacher are…

A lawyer and teacher is …

6随后原则:not A but B / not only A but also B+v.(与B一致)

7百分比结构:most , half , rest , some , majority , one+persent

of+n1+v.(由n1决定

8倒装结构的主谓一致:

a)There be +n 由名词决定动词

b)Among , between等介词位于句首引起倒装结构:

Among / Between …+系动词+n. (由名词决定动词)

9The+adj的主谓一致:

a)当表示"一类人",

b)当表示某一抽象概念时

The good is always attractive.

10 To do/doing/主从+vs

*More than one+n

many a +n.

a day or two

二)、倒装

1 全部倒装

是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有:Up went the plane = the plane went up.

1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。

2) 表示运动方向的副词(back, down, off, up)或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词。

注意:1) 上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能倒装。Here he comes. Away they went. 2) 谓语动词是be的时候,不能倒装。 Here it is. Here you are.

3) 形容词短语/分词短语位于句首,引起倒装

*typical of characteristic of

*coinciding with + n

4) 表示地点范围的介词短语位于句首,谓语动词为系动词,一定引起倒装

In…(表语)+系动词+主,主同。

*在倒装句型答案中不能出现there

*常考介词要倒装:among between in at beneath

常考的系动词:be lie exist remain rest

部分倒装

1. 否定 adv 位于句首,引起倒装:not only, not until, hardly, scarcely,

seldom, rarely, no sooner…than

1) not until + 时间 + 主谓倒装,not until + 句子+主谓倒装

2) only+状语位于句首

only +ad. eg: recently

prep.短短语 eg: in recently years

从句 eg: when clause

only一个词本身不倒装

3) 在比较级结构中,than后面可以倒装,也可以不倒装。

部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前。

? 1) Neither, nor, so 表示前面句子的共同否定或者肯定,产生倒装,一般主动词提前,谓语动词的其他部分就

4) as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 (形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前)。

as〔让步〕虽然,尽管〔词序倒装。语气比 though 强〕。

Successful as he is, he is not proud. 他虽成功,却不骄傲。

Women as she is, she's every brave.

Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.

注意:A) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。B) 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语, 随实义动词一起放在主语之前。

5) 其他部分倒装

a) so… that 句型中的so; such… that句型中的such位于句首时,需倒装。

So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.

b) 在某些表示祝愿的句型中:May you all be happy.

c) 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词,可将if 省略,把 were, had, should 移到主语之前,采取部分倒装。Were I you, I would try it again.

四、复合句

从句可分为:

? 名词性从句' 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句

? 形容词性从句'定语从句

? 副词性从句'状语从句

" 常考的关系代词:that; which; who/whom/whose; where; when; what; as。

" 常见的同位语从句现行词(that之前的抽象名词):fact, idea, news, hope, conclusion, evidence, opinion, problem, thought, understanding…

" 常用的引导词

o 时间状语从句:while; when; before; whenever; as; after; till; until; since; once; ever since; as/so long as; as soon as; no sooner… than; hardly… when; scarcely/barely… when; the moment/minute/instant; on (the point of) doing…

o 地点状语从句:where; wherever

o 原因状语从句:because; since; as; seeing that; considering that; now that; in that; for fear that; lest; owing to the fact that; because of the fact that; due to the fact that…

o 方式状语从句:as; as if; as though; how; save that…

o 比较状语从句:as; than; as… as; not so… as; hardly… than;

o 结果状语从句:so that; so… that; such… that; so as to…

o 条件状语从句:if; unless; in case; so long as; so far as; provided/providing/that; supposing; granted/granting that…; giving that…

o 让步状语从句:though; although; even if; even though; whether; as; however; no matter (what, how, when); for all that; in spite of the fact that; granted that; regardless of the fact that…

o 目的状语从句:that; so that; in order that; lest; for the fear that; in case…

定语从句:

which 引导的定语从句结构

1)which是关系代词,which后面应该加缺主语或者宾语的句子,

在这个句子中,which要作成分,作主语或者宾语

2)in which+完整的句子

which在定语从句中作in的宾语,所以不能作后面句子的主语

3)名词+of which+谓语动词

of which来修饰名词,名词在定语从句中作主语,所以后面直接跟谓语动词

I have five books three of which are borrowed from Mary.

4)介词+ which +to do 其功能相当于定语从句。

The key with which to open the door is lost.

5)定语从句的省略结构:

1. 如果that / which在定从中作 宾语,可以省略.

sub+vt+n+(which / that)+sub+vt

→s+vt+n+s+v

s+vt+n1+n2+vt

*当做题时,若发现两个名词在一起,但是似乎连不上,则一定省略that /

which,则动词为vt,做谓语。

6)定从的特殊省略

the way (in which) + 句子

the reason (why that)+句子 均为完整句

the time (that / when)+句子

I do remember the first time (that省) I ever heard the sweetest voice in the world.

By the time省that+句子,句子。

7)定从的主系省略(主+系可同时省)

即:which be , who be , that be可同时省

状语从句省略结构

这种省略从句主语的方式理论上需要满足以下两个条件:

第一、特定的状语从句引导词:although though even though when while if as

第二、从句主语和主句主语必须保持一致;

第三、从句的谓语必须是be动词,主语和be动词同进同出,比如上面的they和are要么同时省略,要么同时保留。

高考英语插入语及插入句的用法

在NMET中,插入语屡见不鲜,由于插入语通常与句中其它成分没有语法上的关系,因此给考生的理解带来一定困难。插入语多半用逗号与句子隔开,用来表示说话者对句子所表达的意思的态度。插入语可能是一个词、一个短语或一个句子。

一、常用做插入语的副词

indeed的确, surely无疑, however然而, obviously显然, frankly坦率地说, naturally自然, luckily (或happily) for sb.算某人幸运, fortunately幸好, strangely奇怪, hone stly真的, briefly简单地说等。

1. Surely, she won?t go to China Telecom with you.

当然她不会和你一起去中国电信。

2. Strangely, he has not been to China Unicom. Still more strangely, he has not called me.

奇怪,他未来过中国联通。更奇怪,他没给我打电话。

3. Fortunately, I found the book that I?d lost.

幸亏我找到了已丢失的那本书。

二、常见的作插入语的形容词或其短语

true真的, funny真可笑, strange to say说也奇怪, needless to say不用说, most impor tant of all最为重要, worse still更糟糕的等。

1. Strange to say (或True), he should have done such a thing.

说也奇怪(或真的),他竟然做出这样的事。

2. Most important of all, you each over?fulfilled your own task.

更为重要的,你们各自超额完成了自己的任务。

三、常用作插入语的介词短语

in a few words(或in sum, in short)简而言之, in other words换句话说, in a sense在某种意义上, in general一般说来, in my view在我看来, in his opinion(judgment)按照他的意见(判断), in conclusion总之, in summary概括地说, in fact事实上, in the first place首先, in addition此外, of course当然, to our knowledge据我们所知, to my joy(delight, satisfaction)使我欣慰(高兴、满意)的, to their surprise(astonis hment, amazement)使他们惊奇的, to her regret (disappointment)使她遗憾(失望)的, for instance(或example)例如, as a matter of fact事实上等。

英语 非谓语动词

高考英语语法专题讲解-主谓一致

★着重讲解混搭情况,均遵守以下原则:

1. 意义一致原则

主语后跟有以下引起的短语:谓语动词仍与短语前的主语的形式保持一致。

1.1 (together) with: Alice (together) with her parents often goes to the park on Sundays.

1.2 except/but: Every picture except/ but these two has been sold.

Nobody but Mary and I was in the classroom at that time.

1.3 no less than: His sister, no less than you, is wrong.

1.4 rather than: The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible for the accident.

1.5 perhaps : Peter, perhaps John, is playing with the little dog.

1.6 like: He, like you and Xiao Liu is very diligent.

1.7 including/ besides/ as well as

2. 就近原则

2.1 主语由以下连词连接:谓语动词与后一个主语一致:

2.2.1(Either)…or…: Either you or I am going to the movies.

2.2.2 Neither…nor…

2.2.3 Whether…or…

2.2.4 Not only…but (also)

2.2.5 Not…but…

2.2 there be 句型: be 动词与后面第一个名词一致

E.g. There is an apple, two bananas and some oranges on the plates.

2.3副词here, there, now, then, up, down, in, out, away, such连接的全部倒装结构中:谓语动词由动词后面的主语决定

On the wall hang two maps. 墙上挂着两张地图。

On the wall hangs a world of map. 墙上挂着一张世界地图。

Such is the result. 结果就是这样。

Such are the results. 这就是结果

3. 整体原则

3.1 并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数,and后面的名词没有冠词:

The writer and worker is coming to our school tomorrow.

(一个人)

The writer and the worker are coming to our school tomorrow.

(两个人)

Bread and butter is their daily food.

3.2表示时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词或短语作为一个整体看待时,谓语动词常用单数形式:

E.g. Three years is not a long time.

Ten dollars is what he needs.

Five hundred miles is a long distance.

3.3复数形式的专有名词作为整体看待(人名、地点、国家、组织、书籍、报刊等),动词用单数形式:

E.g. The United Nations has passed a resolution(决议)。

“The Arabian Nights”(《天方夜谭》)is an interesting book.

3.4集合名词people, police ,cattle作主语,谓语动词用复数形式:

E.g. The police are searching for him.

The cattle are grassing (吃草)。

4. 谓单原则

4.1 and连接的并列单数名词前如有each, every, no修饰时,谓语动词要用单数形式。

E.g. Every boy and girl has been invited to the party.

No teacher and no student is absent today.

Many a student is busy with their lessons.

4.2 用many a, more than one 修饰名词时,谓语动词要用单数形式。

E.g. More than one person has made the suggestion.

Many a rough man has been civilized by his wife.

4.3 Each, Either, One, Another, The other, Neither作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式:

E.g. Each takes a cup of tea.

Either is correct.

4.4 由every, some, any, no构成的合成代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式:

E.g. Nothing is to be done.

4.5 means, politics, physics, plastics作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式.

5. 具体情况原则

5.1 all, few, more, most, some, any, none, half, the rest等作主语时,既可表示复数意义,也可表示单数意义,谓语动词要根据实际情况而定:

All of the apple is rotten. 整个苹果都烂了。

不可数-> 谓单

All of the apples are rotten. 所有的苹果都烂了。

可数-> 谓复

Most of the wood was used to make furniture.

不可数-> 谓单

Most of the people are from England.

可数-> 谓复

5.2 the + 形容词(或分词)作主语时,常指一类人,谓语动词用复数形式。如指的是抽象概念,谓语动词则用单数形式:

5.3 population当人口讲时,谓语动词用单数形式;当人们讲时,谓语动词用复数:

5.4 the number of + 名词复数,是表示“…的数字”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;

a (large / great) number of + 名词复数,表示许多,作主语时;谓语动词用复数形式:

5.5 有些集体名词如family, team, group, class, audience, 等作主语时,如看作是一个整体,谓语动词则用单数形式;如强调各个成员时,谓语动词要用复数形式:

6. 先行词原则

关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。

公共英语考试语法考点精讲:非谓语动词的时态和语态

非谓语动词是指在句子中充当除谓语以外的各种句子成分的动词。有三种:不定式、动名词、分词(现在分词,过去分词)以下举几个例子已作说明

不定式:I am glad to see you.(to+动词)

动名词:Playing basketball is my hobby.

现在分词:There are many people living in this village.

过去分词:I heard my name called.我听见有人叫我的名字

例题

1.We must do what we can ? those who are in trouble.

A.help B.helping C.to help D.do help

答案C 做这道题的时候你要学会图和提取有效成分,最简单的是找主谓宾,题中的是We must do 。可见主谓宾是完整的,那么A排除,D排除,再看do 后面肯定是接动词不定式 to do ,所以选C

2.Jane prefer ? to singing.

A.to dance B.dancing C.dance D.with dancing

答案B 固定搭配Prefer doing to doing Prefer 后面跟动名词

3.-Who is the boy outside?

-A boy ? himself Tom.

A.call B.called C.to call D.calling

答案D 对话翻译成中文是 -外面的那个男孩是谁?

-一个自称是Tom 的男孩。

回答的这句话有个省略,完整的应该是The boy who calls himself Tom 两种表达都可以,都做定语

4.Have you had your hair ?

A.cut B.to cut C.cutting

答案A 初中好像没有教完成时态,就是have+动词的形式,这里的have 是情态动词。不过没关系,不影响理解。这句话是问你剪头发了吗?我们都知道头发只能是被人家剪,所以选A cut的过去分词还是cut。注意如果是主动的话答案就是选C

初中的话掌握这些就差不多,最多就是变一变时态,顺便说一下方法,其实选择题就是考你分析句子的能力,如果你能分析清楚答案就非常清楚,分析最基础的就是找主谓宾,其他成分纯属修饰。希望你能得到些什么东西,我不知道初中到底教的是那些,不足之处,还请多多包涵

求助高三英语谓语非谓语区别和用法尽量具体 我高三了

导读公共英语考试想必大家对此考试一定不陌生吧,如今公共英语的用处非常广泛重要,公务员考试英语免考,自考,成人高考升专科,升本科英语也免考,考试分为笔试和口试,根据我国相关规定,在2020年笔试考试全面实行答题卡模式。公共英语考试也不例外。为了帮助大家都能顺利通过考试,下面是小编为大家整理的“公共英语考试语法考点精讲:非谓语动词的时态和语态”相关内容,希望对大家有所帮助。

1. 非谓语动词的时态

不定式或现在分词的动作若发生在谓语动词的动作之前,用完成式(过去分词没有完成式),否则,就用一般式。若与谓语动作同时发生,并强调正在进行的情景或持续性,可用不定式的进行式(现在分词和过去分词均没有进行式)。如:

Having failed twice, he didn’t want to try again. 他已经失败了两次,不想再试了。

He came in, followed by his secretary. 他走了进来,后面跟着他的秘书。

He seems to have caught a cold. 他似乎感冒了。

He seems to be saying something. 他似乎在说什么。

2.非谓语动词的语态

不定式或-ing 形式与其逻辑主语若是主动关系,用主动式;若是被动关系,用被动式。如:

Who is the woman being operated on? 正在动手术的女人是谁?

Did it need to be done so soon? 这事需要这么快就做吗?

注:(1) 过去分词没有被动式。(2) 有些非谓语动词要主动式表示被动意义。

以上就是小编今天给大家整理发送的关于“公共英语考试语法考点精讲:非谓语动词的时态和语态”的相关内容,希望对大家有所帮助。如果你打算零基础备考公共英语考试,小编建议你先从考试大纲出发备考哦!

谓语动词就是说明时态的,放在主语后面.时态不同,动词形式不同.(例如原形是现在时,be doing是进行时,will do是将来时等等)

非谓语动词,顾名思义,不是做谓语的,也就是跟这个句子的时态没有关系.非谓语动词可以做谓语之外的其他成分(主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾补等).非谓语动词包括动词不定式(do、to do), 动名词、分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)

例如 I want to go swimming .

want是谓语动词, to go是不定式做宾语

如果want变成wanted,十天变了,那么后面还是to go 不定式不变,跟时态无关.

补充:I heard him singing two songs.

I heard two foreign songs sung.

你这两个句子,非谓语动词是做宾补的.既然是宾补, 那么是补充说明宾语的. 第一个宾语是him, 后面用现在分词singing,表示正在唱

第二个句子,宾语是two foreign songs ,歌曲,那么宾补就是被唱sung,用过去分词表示被动

文章标签: # 动词 # 谓语 # to